We have two options. We can either present the learning goals (of a particular lesson or series of lessons) to the pupils or set them together.
If we decide to set the goals together with our pupils, it is better to do so for a series of lessons or for a particular topic. If we are addressing the goals of a particular lesson, we can present them to the pupils at the beginning of the lesson and sum them up at the end. If the pupils know the goals of each lesson going into it, it is easier for the teacher and the pupils to self-assess whether they accomplished the goal of the lesson or not.
We can also plan the steps for achieving our goals and talk about different approaches to studying:
Implementing meta cognitive strategies (reflecting on their studying) can have a huge impact on a pupil’s efforts and their motivation for learning. (Visible Learning, Hattie)
For more on goal setting, see DIAGNOSTICS (Assessing Prior Knowledge).